Background
\nAccording to the Nepalese calendar we count a year to the period of twelve months starting from the month of Baisakh to the month of Chaitra. In Nepalese calendar we take in concern the movement of both the sun and the moon to count the time.
\nOn the basis of solar calendar, a year begins from the first of Baishakh the moment the sun travels in Mesh Rashi (Aeries Zodiac).This is the reason that, first of Baisakh is also known as Mesh-Sankranti or Baisakh-Sankranti. Similarly the lunar calendar states that new year begins from the Pratipada Tithi (First day after the Full-moon day) of waxing moon of Chaitra.
\nName of months in Nepalese calendar
\nThe names of months in Nepalese calendar are arranged according to the position of moon and Nakshatras. The name of the months is after the name of nakshatra on which the moon is positioned on the Purnima tithi (full moon day) of the specific month. On the Purnima tithi of Baishakh the position of moon is on Bisakha Nakshatra. This is why the name of this specific month is ‘Baisakh’. The name of months and the Nakhatras on which the moon is positioned on Purnima tithi in the specific months are listed below:
\nName of Nakshatra in purnima\tName of months
\nBishakha\tBaisakh
\nJyestha\tJeth
\nPurwashadha and Uttarashadha (may be placed on any one)\tAshadh \/Asar
\nShrawan\tShrawan \/saun
\nPurwa Bhadrapada\/uttara Bhadrapada (may be placed on any one)\tBhadra\/ Bhadau
\nAshwini\tAshwin
\nKrittika\tKartik \/Kattik
\nMrigashira\tMarg shirsh\/Mangsir
\nPusha\tPaush \/Push
\nMagha\tMagh
\nPurwa falguni and uttara falguni (may be placed on any one)\tFalgun\/ Fagun
\nChitra\tChaitra\/Chait<\/p>\n
According to solar calendar, a month is the duration for which the sun travels through a particular Rashi (zodiac). When the sun remains in Mesh Rashi it is the month of Baishakh likewise, when it remains in Vrish Rashi it is the month of Jestha. In this way when the sun makes a cycle of journey through all the twelve Rashis it is assumed to have completed a year of twelve months. Because of this, the first day of the month of Baisakh is considered as the beginning of a new year so celebrated widely as a festival.
\nSambatsar : Meaning and types
\nSambatsar is a synonym of ‘YEAR’. The word ‘Sambatsar’ is originated from ‘Sambasanti ritavotra’ in Sanskrit which means “there where the seasons lie”. Here by the word ‘Sambatsar’ it is inferred to the time period that is consists of a complete cycle of six seasons i.e. a whole year. In Sanskrit scriptures few common words which are used synonymously to this words are sambat, batsar, abda, haayan, sharat, sama etc.
\n‘Sambatsaro Vatsaroabdo Hayanostri Sharatsama:’
\n(Kal Barga, AmarKosh)
\nScriptures in astrology has explained about sixty different sambatsars. The names of these sambatsar are as follow:
\n1. Prabhav 2. Bibhav 3. Sukla 4. Pramod 5. Prajapati 6. Angira 7. Shrimukh 8. Bhav 9. Yuwa 10. Dhata 11. Ishwar 12. Bahudhanya 13. Pramathi 14. Bikram 15. Brish 16. Chitra Vhanu 17. Suvhanu 18. Taran 19. Parthiv 20. Byaya 21. Savarjit 22. Sarwadhari 23. Birodhi 24. Bikrit 25. Khar 26. Nandan 27. Vijay 28. Jay 29. Manmath 30. Durmukh 31. Hemlambi 32. Bilambi 33. Bikari 34. Sharvari 35. Plav 36. Shuvakrit 37.Shovan 38. Krodhi 39. Biswabasu 40. Paravhav 41. Plawang 42. Kilak 43. Saumya 44. Sadharan 45. Birodhkrit 46. Paridhavi 47. Pramadi 48. Aananda 49. Rakshas 50. Nal 51. Pingal 52. Lalyukta 53. Siddharth 54. Raudra 55. Durmati 56. Dunduvi 57. Rudhirodwari 58. Raktashi 59. Krodhan 60. Kshaya<\/p>\n
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\nSambatsar : Begins
\nIf we calculate the time, new Sambatsar starts from the Pratipada tithi of waxing moon of Chaitra. Even though in Bikram Sambat a new year starts on the first of Baishakh, Sambatsar starts even earlier than that. Most of our festivals except Sankrantis are counted on the basis of lunar calendar. Lunar calander is based on tithis. The time of 15 days (most of the time) from the Pratipada (first day after Purnima\/Full-moon day) to Amabasya (No-moon day) is known as Krishna Paksha (waning moon period) and tentatively fifteen days from the Pratipada (First day after no moon) to the Purnima (fifteenth day \/Full moon day) is known as Shukla Paksha (waxing moon period). In this way as per lunar calendar too a month is generally of 30 days consisting 15 days of Krishna Paksha and 15 days that of Shukla Paksha. Generally one tithi is for one day but it may fluctuate due to which there may not be exactly fifteen days in one Paksha. It means there may be more or less days in a Krishna Pakhsa (waxing moon) or Shukla Paksha (waning moon period). That’s why we cannot be certain about the beginning of sambatsar from the fixed date on chaitra. Sambatsar starts from the pratipada tithi when waxing moon period begins immediately after waning moon on the month of chaitra.
\nSambatsar: Anniversary of the Universe
\nAncient Hindu tradition believes that Brahma has created the entire Universe. This is why, Brahma is known as the creator of the universe. There is a belief that Brahma created this entire universe on Pratipada tithi of waxing moon of Chaitra. As this is the auspicious day of creation of the universe, sambatsar changes from the same tithi. It is believed that, Sages started computation from the same day as this is considered as the beginning of the entire universe. In ancient tradition on this day there used to be homage for the basic component of the universe like water, air and plants and these used to be prayed for their preservation for human benevolence forever. Considering this and further, the day has special role to create the culture of respecting all the components of nature including rivers, plants etc as godly entity in hindu tradition. In the present context of imbalance of nature and global warming, it has been much essential to follow the footsteps of our ancestors to respect nature.
\nCelebration:
\nThe day of new year is cherished as a grand celebration . People make commitment towards their goals with enthusiasm and excitement from the first day of New Year. Acquainted celebrates Sambatsar on waxing moon of Chaitra and New Year on first of Baisakh with joy. In Nepalese context, there is a tradition of celebrating New Year on the first of Baishakh. People begin this day by taking shower early in the morning. There is a culture of visiting temples and having delicious food. People spend quality time with their families and enjoy. Some people prepare agenda and plan for the effective year a head as well.
\nEpilogue
\nNow a days, we are being reluctant to celebrate one of such ancient hindu traditions-Sambatsar. It is our misfortune if we lose our ancient traditions and cultures like sambatsar, which hold our identities and values. Moreover, in the name of celebration it is not a good practice to enjoy festivals with alcoholics beverage and different non vegetarian food but Satvik food. Nepalese New Year has its own cultural values and typical identity. Our uniqueness lies in such very festivals and cultural activities. So It is more logical to celebrate our own festivals and cultures with proper realization of its significance rather than just copying the foreign culture blindfolded.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Background According to the Nepalese calendar we count a year to the period of twelve months starting from the month of Baisakh to the month of Chaitra. In Nepalese calendar we take in concern the movement of both the sun and the moon to count the time. On the basis of solar calendar, a year […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=186"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":187,"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186\/revisions\/187"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ganeshtimilsina.com.np\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}